epigraphia-indica

EPIGRAPHIA INDICA

Vol. VII ( 1902 - 1903 )

PUBLISHED BY
THE DIRECTOR GENERAL
ARCHEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF INDIA
JANPATH, NEW DELHI- 11 000 1
1981

EPIGRAPHIA INDICA

50L. VII— 1908-03.

PUBLISHED BY
the director GENERAL

ARCHAEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF INDIA
JANPATK. NEW DELHl-HOOH
1981

Reprinted 1981

©

ARCHAEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF INDIA

GOVERNMENT OF INDIA
1981

Price : Rs. 90

Printed at Pearl Offset Press, 5/33, Kirti Nagar Indl. Area New Delhi- j

PUBLISHED UNDER THE AUTHORITY OF ME GOVERHEHT OF INDIA-
AS A SUPPLEMENT TO THE "INDIAN ANTIQUARY.”

EPIGRAPHIA INDICA

AND

RECORD OF THE ARCHEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF INDIA.

EDITED BY

E. HULTZSCH, Ph.D.,

LATB OOVIENJIENH EKGEAPHI3T ; PROP. IN THE UNIVBBSITY Of HAUB ;

CORK. MEJIB. OP THE BATAVIA SOCIETY OF ARTS ANI> SCIENCES,

AND OT THE EOTAL SOCIETY 01 SCIENCES AT QOTIIMW.

VOL. VII— 1902-03.

CALCUTTA:

OFFICE OF THE SUPERINTENDENT OP GOVERNMENT PRINTING, INDIA,

BOMBAY ; EDUCATION SOCIETY’S PRESS.

LONDON: LUZAC & Co. and IEGAN PAUL, LEIPZIG: OTTO HARR AS 30 WITZ.

TRENCH, TRUBNER h Co. 7IENN1 : A. HOLDER & Co.

NEW YORE: WESTERMANN & Co. BERLIN: A. ASHER & Co.

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CAL CTTTCTA

OOV7. K NIWBM 1 or INt>IA CRKTEAL PRINTING OFFICE,
B t HASTIl. GS STREET,

CONTENTS.

The names of contributors are arranged alphabetically.

Page

D. R. Bhakdabear, M.A.:—

No. 6. Cambay plates of Gbvinda IV.; Saka-Samvat 852 25

J. F. Fieet, Ph.D., C.I.E., Indian Civil Service (Retired):—

No. 25. Kalualumbami grant of Vijavaditya-Amma II. 177

„ 28. Some records of tbe R&shtrakuta kings of Malkhdd : —

D. — Mantrawadi inscription of tie time of Am&ghavarsla I.; A.D. 865. . . 198

E. — Sirur inscription of the time of Amdglavarsha I.; A.D. 866 . , . . 202

F. —Nidagundi inscription of tie time of AmSghavarsta I.; about A.D. 874-75 . 208

Tie family-name of the Rashtrakdtas of Malkldd 214

The original home of the Rlshtrakutas of M 5,1 kh&d ...... 228

The banners and crests of the same and of the Rattan of Jj^undatti . . ,227

G&vinda II., and the Alas plates which purport to have been issncd in A.D. 770 . 230

Processor E. Holtzsch, Ph.D.:—

No. 4. Three memorial stones 22

„ 5. A rock-inscription at Tandalam 25

„ 13. Baloda plates of Tivaiacleva 102

„ 14. Inscriptions on the throe Jaina colossi of Southern India ..... 108

„ 16. Two Jaina inscriptions of Irngappa . . . . . . . . .115

„ 18. Arullla-Perumal inscription of tbe time of Pratapamdra ; Saka-Samvat 1238 . . 128

„ 19. Sis inscriptions at Tirunamanallur ......... 132

„ 20. Fourteen inscriptions at TirukkdvaMr 138

„ 23. Tirnvdndipnram inscription of Eajaraja III., Narasimba II. and K&pperufijinga . 160

„ 26, Four inscriptions at §61apuram 192

„ 27. A Vaishnava inscription at Pagan 197

Processor F. Ejeihokn, Ph.D,, D. Litt., 1L.D., O.I.E.;—

Nos. 1 and 24. Dates of Chola kings (eontimei) 1 and 169

No. 2. Dates of PAadya kings {emtinwi) 10

„ 9. Eabla plate of tie Kalaehuri Sfidladdva; [Vikrama-]Samvat 1134 ... 85

„ 10. lucknow Museum plate of Kirtipak ; [Yikrama-]Samvat 1167 .... 93

„ 11. Lar plates of G&vindaclandra of Eananj ; [Vikrama-]Sanavat 1202 ... 98

„ 12. A note on the Buguda plates of MMlavavarman 100

„ 22. Madhulan plate of Harsha; the year 25 . 155

Processor H. LMibbs, Pe.D.;—

No. 3jAmaikvafci inscription of Krislpar4ya of Vijayanagara ; Saka-Samvat 1437 . . 17

„ 171 Two inscriptions of Tammusiddhi ; Saka-Samvat 1129 119

„ 21. Wo farther inscriptions of Tammnsiddhi 148

J. Eamatia, BM B.L.: —

No. §Jwrulapalli plates of Immadi-Nrisimha ; Saka-Samvat 1427 74

E. Senabi

No. 7. The inscriptions in the caves at KarlS ........ 47

J. Ph. Yoaii, LL.D.:—

No. 16. Two Br&hmi and Elar&sltli rock-inscriptions in the Eangra valley ’ . .116

IV

CONTENTS.

?AGH

•233

INDEX. — Bt Y. Yes katya, M.A.

APPENDIX.— A LIST OP INSCRIPTIONS OP SOUTHERN INDIA FROM ABOUT A.D. 500.

Bt Pboeessob F. Kielhobh, C.I.E. 1

I. — LIST OP DATED INSCRIPTIONS. Bt the same 171

II. — INDEX TO THE APPENDIX. Br tee same ISC-

LIST OF PLATES.

' - ♦

1. Three memorial stones .......

2. Cambay plates of Govinda IV. — Plate i. ...

3. } t 9. J9 99 ii. . . • .

4 Karl£- inscriptions. — Plate i. .....

5- 9‘ 99 99 11. ..... .

ti- 39 33 }9 iil. . .....

7. 99 39 33 IV. « • -. • . .

S. Devulapalli plates of Immadi-Nrisimha; Saka-Samvat 1427
y. Lucknow Museum plate of Kirtipftla ; [Vikrama-jSamvat 1167

10. Buguda plates of Mfidhavavaiman ....

11. Baloda plates of Tivaradfrva .....

12. Jaina colossus at Sravana-Bejgola .....

13. Inscriptions on the same ......

14. Jaina colossi at Kdrkala and. Vfeinur ....

15. Rock-inscriptions in the X&ngra valley ....

IS. Tirukliovalur inscriptions ......

17, Madhuban plate of Harsha ; the year 25 . . . ,

IS, Kal uchumbarju grant of V ijayaditya-Amma II. .

19. §61apuram inscriptions and Pagan inscription . . .

20, hi ant raw ad i inscription of Am6ghavarah.a 1. ; A.D. 866 .

21, Sirur inscription, of Amdghawska I. ; A.D. 866 .

22. Nidagunui inscription of Arndgliavarsha I. .

!9

between pages

to face page 24

between pages 38 A 39

93 33 40 & 41

to face page 66

39 39 9 9 64*

72
74
82 & S3
99 96 & 97

„ „ 100 & 101

„ „ 104 & IDS

to face page 108

99 93 33 109

39 33 39 US

33 .3 39 US

33 33 3. 14*4

»J « }J 15 S

between pages 186 & 1S7

to face page 194

,3 3. ,9 201

93 93 33 206

33 ,3 3 , 21 S

170

ADDITIONS AND CORRECTIONS.

A.— VOLUME III.

Page 103. — The Paithan plates of Govinda III. of A.D. 794.— For tie localisation of this
record, by identification of the places mentioned in it, see Ind. Ant. Vol. XXX.
p. 515.— J. F. F.

„ 158.— The spurious Sudi plates.— In test lines 71, 83, for “Suldhatavi” read

“ Sulv&tavi and mate the same correction in the translation, p. 184 : see Iml.
Ant. Vol. XXX. p. 264.— For a full note on the Kisutad (Snlvatavi) seventy
district, see ibid. p. 259 ff.— > Page 184, line 7, for “ of his wife,” read " of bin
mistress;” see Vol. VII. below, p. 182, note 4.— J. F. F.

„ 203, the last line but one. — For a full note on the Kundi country, Bee Iml. Ant.

Vol. XXIX. p. 278 ff.— J. F.F.

„ 23(1. — The Bhairanmatti inscription. — Page 235, line 10, for “ in the region,” read
“ on an island;” see Ind. Ant, Vol. XXXII. p. 55, and note 36. — J. F. F.

„ 30G. — The Tidgundi plates of Vikramaditya VI. of A.D. 1082. — For the identifica-
tion of the Pratyandaka four-thousand province, see Ind, Ant. Vol. XXX.
p. 380.— J. F.F.

B. — VOLUME IV.

Pago 204. — The Nilgund inscription of Taila II. of A.D. 982.— For the identification of the
Kogali country, see Ind. Ant. Vol. XXX. p. 106, — J. F. F.

H 212. — The inscriptions of A.D. 1064 and 1072 at the Jatinga-Ramesvara hill. — For
the identification of the Kaniyakal three-hundred district, see Ind. Ant.
Vol. XXX. p. 108.— J. F. F.

„ 278, The Karhad plates of Krishna III. of A.D. 959.— For the localisation of this

record, by identification of the places mentioned in it, see Ind, Ant. Vol. XXX.
p. 373 . — For a full note on the Karahata four-thousand province, see ibid.
p. 377 ff.— J. F. F.

350. — The Hebbal inscription of A.D . 975.— Page S51, line 1 , and page 354, translation
line 5, for “ Revakft,” read “ Rovakanimmadi,” and in the translation omit the
words “ ( holding her ) in {his) lap see Vol. VI. below, p. 71, and note 4.—
J. F. F.

„ 371, column 2, last line,— 'for Hrahadagalli, read Hirahadagalli.

C. — VOLUME VI.

Pago 208.— The Aids plates, which purport to have been issued in A.D. 770.— The Alaktaka
vishaya of this record is mentioned as the Alatage seven-hundred district in a
record of A.D. 1008 ; and the places mentioned in that record, and in another,
locate it close on the east of Kolhapur, where there is now the Altfiih sub-
division of that State ; see Ind. Ant. Vol. XXIX. p. 273 ff. For the point that
the Aids plates are a spurious record, see Vol. VII. below, p. 231.— J. F. F.

341, text line 61,— insert tbe figure a after

* 394 , column 1, line 9,— for Vijtpddu-n&du, read Vijpedu-nadu.

” , column 2, last line,— for Ping&la, read Pingala.

ADDITIONS AND CORRECTIONS.

vi

D.— VOLUME VII.

Page

5}

33

3*

33

33

33

33

33

S3

33

33

33

33

33

19, note 4,— —for Odegany, read Odegary.

23, note 4, — for Kalak&di, read Ea^akudi.

27, line 5 from bottom, — for Godavari, read Godavari.

30, last line, — for Khajor&ho, read KRajixrah.6.

32, line 12,—— ,, ,, „ ,,

,, ,, SO,— ,, ,

36, line 14 of paragraph 2,— for Sh&ri (Sh6dhi), read Sheri ( ShedI
46, line 13 from bottom,— for Godavari, read Godavari.

SO, line 22, — for Kansikipntra, read KanSikipntra,

66, line 13, — for Nasik, read Nasik.

79, note 7, line 6, — for Medinimlavaraganda, read MMinimisvarag-s
j* j» *7, for Narasingaiyadeva, read N arasiri gaiyadeva.

86, laBt line, — for fee ot, read feet of.

92, test line 42, — insert a hyphen between 'putra and Kti
11S, lines 10 and 16, — for Ghaicha and Chaicliapa, read Baieha and
122, line 10 from hottom, — for Tiruppashr, read Tirupp&Shr.

1G2, note 9, for Gedilam, read Gedilam.

219, line 8, — for R4sh.traku.ta, read R&shtrakuta,

170

EPIGRAPHIA INDICA.

VOLUME VII.

No-. 1.— DATES OE CHOLA KINGS.

Bt F. Kielhorn, Ph.D., LL.D., C.I.E. ; Gottikgen.

(Continued from Vol. VI. gage 285.)

A.— PARANTAKA I.

55.— In the KeSsava-Perum&l temple at Kurara. 1

1 Svast[i] ir[x] [||*J [Ma]d[irai ko]rid=l[lam] pu[gun]da [k&]=Pparakkd[sa]ri[pan>

ma[r*]k[kn] yandu narpadavadu

2 i[v*]v-4t[t]ai . . . [da]ga- s naya[r]ru apara-pa[ksha*]t[tu]=Chchani-kMlamaiyum

nava[m]iyum pejrja Uroyani-nal iratri.

“ In the fortieth year (of the reign ) of king Parakesarivarman who took Madirai and
entered ijam, — at night on the day of Rohini, which corresponded to a Saturday and to the
ninth, tithi of the second fortnight of the month of [Karkafca]ka in this year.”

Although I am unable to give with confidence the actual equivalent of this date, I may
state that between A.D. 900 and 985 the only years for which the date would be quite regular
are A.D. 919 and 946.

Por A.D. 919 the date would correspond to Saturday, the 24th July, which was the
30th day of the month of Karkataka, and on which the 9th tithi of the dark half (of the month
Sravana) ended 4 h. 41 m., and the nakshatrn was Rohini for 17 h. 44 m., after mean sunrise.

And for A.D. ©48 it would correspond to Saturday, the 25th July, which was the last day
of the month of Karkataka, and on which the.9fch tithi of the dark half (of the month SiAyana)
ended 13 h. 11 m. after mean sunrise, and the nakshatra was Rohini the whole day.

B.— KTTLOTTTTN GA-CHOL A I.

58.— In the Lakshminfir&yana temple at K&v&ntandalam. 3
1 Svasti Sri [||*] Tirn ma[qni] vilanga

* No. 84 of the Government Epigrapb'ut’s collection for 1900. 1 Read perhaps Karka&agn-,

. 1 No. 206 of the Government Epigraphiat’s collection for 1901 ; South-Ini. Inscr. Vol. III. No. 77.

1

EPIGRAPHIA INDICA.

[Vor.. V-I I

2

2 .... . k6v=IrajakesariTafmar-ana udaiyar M-[R]ajon<lra-S6ia(ievajkli 5

yaiidu 4avadu . . .

3 ivv-aitai Mxi(vri)BoMka-nayajm pfirvva-pakshattu 'shashtiyt* *

Tiruv&namum pejjra Vi[y]filarkkiiamai-n&[n]!;u.

“In the 4th year (of the reign ) of king Eajakesarivarman alias the lord, the glorio"*-! f
Bajendra-ChAladgva, — on a Thursday -which corresponded to (the day of) Srav&na and to tl>‘
sixth til hi of the first fortnight of the month of Vrisehika in this year.”

A date of the fourth year of the king’s reign will he expected to fall in A.D. 1078 or 10 V '4,
and this date actually corresponds to Thursday, the 7th November A.D. 1073. This was tit
12th or 13th day of the month of Vpischika, and on it the 6th tithi of the bright half (of tit*'
month Mat’gaiira) commenced 1 h. 38 m. after mean sunrise, while the nakshatra was SraVflJ^.®*
by the equal space system and according to Garga for 23 h, 38 m. after mean sunrise, and by tl* *-*
Brahma-siddMnta the whole day.

0.— VTKRAMA-CHOLA.

For reasons suggested partly by the new dates of this king, I must recapitulate here the daft*
furnished by the dates already treated of, s and the results derived from them.

No. 10 (above, Tol. IV. p. 73).— “In the fifth year . . . on the tlireo-hundxed-anrl -

fortieth day, which was (the day of the nakshatra) Hasta, a Sunday, and the seventh tithi of
the first fortnight of the month of Mithuna.” Taking this date to have been oorreotly recorded *
I found the best equivalent for it between A.D. 1110 and 1125 to he Sunday, the 32nd June*
A.D. 1113 ; and counting backwards from this day, I obtained the 18th July A.D, 1108 as tlx©
day of the commencement of the king’s reign.

No. 21 (ibid. p. 263). — “In the 4th year . . .on the day of Satahhishaj, whic 1 1
corresponded to a Monday and to the eighth tithi of the second fortnight of tho month of*
Rishabha.” Guided by the result obtained under No. 10, I found this date to correspond to
Monday, the 20th May A.D, 1112, when, to omit other particulars, the nakshatra, by the equa.1
space system .only, was Satahhishaj for 0 h. 39 m. after mean sunrise.

No. 22 (tfnd.p. 264).-“ In the 5th year . . . on the day of ir<M, which corre-

sponded to a Monday and to the eleventh tithi of the second fortnight of the month of Sirhha * *
Guided again by the result obtained under No. i0, I found that this date would correspond to
Monday, the 10th August A.D. 1112; but them was the difficulty that on this day then
nakshatra was (Punarvasu, not Ardrd. "

No. 41 (above, Yol. VI, p. 2/9). — 11 In. the . . . sixteenth year ... in the month of
Vaisikha, in the second fortnight, at the time known as Monday combined with an Uttar &

tl tTl’r, gU ?J by ihe ™ mlt ° btained under 10. 1 found that Monday,

5th May A.D. 1124, would be an unobjectionable equivalent of this date.

B *° n 'f ( “'P- 28 °)‘-; In 9th year . . . in the Plava year which was the Safe®,
year 1049, on the occasion of an eclipse of the mopn in the month of Jyaishtha ’’ Thia rU*
for Saka-Samvat 1049 expired (which was Plavanga not Plava.1 / a + dabe

the 27th May A.D. 112? hut L mTohJS iZZ Zo 'll

9lh year of the reign had leen quoted erroneously instead of the 19th regnal year. ^

From this it will be seen that the results obtained under Nos. 21, 22 and 41, an wall as
correction suggested with regard to the regnal year of No. 42, mainly depend on tl» L *

ness of the to furnished by the text of No. 10, which it did 2 £ ZZT
Setting aside the date No. 10, it may be asked, however, how the three dates Nos. 21, 22 and 4 1*

1 Bead ifiashthiyun-.

1 I omit here the date No. 48, which will be recooeidared below.

No. 1.]

DATES OF CHOLA KINGS.

3

would wort out, if the date No. 42 were really, as it ia stated to be, a date of the 9th year of
V ikrama-Cllbla’s reign. Supposing this to be the case, the king’s reign would have commenced
some time between approximately the 28th May A.D. 1118 and the 27th May A.D. 1119, and
w&h such a commencement of the reign the dates Nos. 21, 22 and 41 would yield the following
equivalents : —

No. 21, of the 4th year, would correspond to Monday, the 1st May A.D. 1122. This was
the 7th day of the month of Vrishabha, and on it the 8th tithi of the dark half (of the
month V ai sakha) ended 13 h. 28 m., while the nakshatra was Satabhishaj, hy the equal space
system and according to Garga from 0 h, 39 m., and by the Brahma-siddhania from 1 h. 19 m.,
after mean sunrise.

No. 22, of the 5th year, would correspond to Monday, the 3lst July A.D. 1122. This
was the ^4th day of the month of Simha, and on it the 11th tithi of the dark half (of the
month S ray ana) ended 4 h. 24 m., while the nakshatra was Ardr§,, by the equal space system
for 12 b. 29 m., and according to Garga for 0 h. 39 m., after mean sunrise.

No. 41, of the 16th year, would correspond to Monday, the 16th. April AD. 1134, when
the 6th tithi of the dark half of Vaisaldia ended 13 h. 11 m., and the nakshatra was
UttarashadM,, by the equal space system and according to Garga for 23 h. 38 m., and by the
Brahma-siddhdnta for 17 b. 4. m., after mean sunrise.

It is quite clear then, that, supposing the king’s reign to have commenced between
approximately the 28th May A.D. 1118 and tho 27th May A.D. 1119, the three dates
Nos. 21, 22 and 41 -would work out in the best possible .manner — better, in fact, than with the
18th July A.D. 1108 as the commencement of his reign, because on the equivalent here found
for the date No. 22 the nakshatra really was Ardra, whereas on the equivalent previously given
for the same date the nakshatra was found to be Punarvasu (instead of the nakshatra ArdrS,,
quoted by the original date).

To the date No. 10 I shall have to revert below. For the present it will be sufficient to
state that, irrespectively of No. 10, the four dates Nos. 21, 22, 41 and 42 for the commencement
of the reign, appear to yield some day between approximately the 28th May and the
81st July AD. 1118. The uew dates of Vikrama-Ghola may be expected to shew whether his
reign really commenced at the titne here given or on the 18th July AD. 1108,

* * * * * *

57. — In. the Ty&gar&ja temple at Tiruv&rur . 1

g [Tribhuvan a]cha [kra] vatti [gal] Sr[i-Vikrama]-Ch[6]la[d5var^ku

y]&ndu anj&vadu Midhuna-nayan[u phrvva]-pakeka[t*]fcu pa[5ohami]y[u]m
Magamum pen a Vi[y&]la-[kk]ilamai-nhl.

“In the fifth year {of the 'reign) of the emperor of the three worlds, the glorious
Vrkrama-Choladdva, — on a Thursday which corresponded to {the day of) Maghft and to
the fifth tithi of the first fortnight of the month of Mithuna.”

If the king’s reign commenced on the 18th July A.D. 1108, this date would correspond to
Thursday, the 10th June AD. 1313, which was the 26th day of the month of Mithuna, and on
whieh the 5th tithi of the bright half (of the month Ishadha) commenced 5 h. 15 m., and the
nakshatra was Maghft, by the equal space system only, for 7 h. 53 m., after mean sunrise.

On the other hand, if the reign commenced between the 28th May and the 31st July A.D.
1118, the date must correspond to Thursday, the 31st May A.D . 1123, whieh was the 6th day

1 No. Tel^TikT^vemment Epigraphiat’s collection for 1894. Another date, .which occurs in line 3 of the
same inscription, was published above, Vol. IV. p. 73, No. 10,

epigraphia indica.

[VOL.

VII.

of the month of Mithuna, ana on which, the 5th tithi of the bright half (of the first kah.»cl ix{ij)
ended 11 li. 37 m., and the nahshatra was Maghsi, by the Brahma-Biddhanta for 11 h. 133 ’

according to Garga for 13 h. 47 m., and by the equal space system from 1 h. 19 m., after
sunrise.

Theoretically both the equivalents found might be taken to satisfy the requirements of
case, but there can be no doubt that the second, Thursday, the 81st May A.D. 1123, would- « e
preferable because the tithi of the date ended on that day. This date therefore also would * eW,i
' u show, though it would not actually prove, that the king’s reign commenced in A.D. lllS-

68.— ■ In the Divyajfi&uesvara temple at Koviladi. 1

1 Svasti srf [ll*j I(ti)ribuva[na]tokkaravattigal 4rf-Vikkirama-S61adevark=iy

llava(d]u Magara-nayarru [p]u[rvva]-

2 pakshat[t]u trai(tra)yo[da*]siyum Sani-kilamaiyunx pejja P[u]narbuda-nal.

“ I 11 the Uth year (of the reign) of the emperor of the three worlds, the glorious
Vikrama-Chojtadeva, 3 — on the day of Punarvasu, which corresponded to a Saturday and to
the thirteenth tithi of the first fortnight of the month of Makara,”

If the king’s reign commenced on the 18th July A.D. 1108, this date would correspond. to
Friday, the 27th December A.D. 1118, which was the 3rd day of the month of Makara, and on
which the 13th tithi of the bright half (of the month Pausha) ended 16 h. 30 m. after joaean
sunrise, and the nahshatras were Mrigasirsha and Irdra.

On the other hand, if the king’s reign commenced between the 28th May and the 3lst J uly
A.D, 1118, the date will correspond to Saturday, the Sth January A.D. 1129, which was the
13th day of the month of Makara, and on which the 13th tithi of the bright half (of the
month Pausha) ended 5 h. 49 m. after mean sunrise, and the nokshatra was Punarvasu, "by tire
Bvahma-siddMnta and according to Garga the whole day, and by the equal space system j from
9 h. 12 m. after mean sunrise.

|

As this date then would be entirely incorrect if the king’B reign had commenced in JA . "D.
1108, and is in every way correct on the assumption that the reign commenced in A.D. 1118,
I take it to prove that the latter was really the case. And in my opinion the six datee
Nos. 21, 22, 41, 42, 57 and 58, for which — in entire agreement with the original data — absolutely
faultless equivalents have now been given, shew beyond a doubt that the reign of.Vikrama-
Ch61a must have commenced between approximately the let June and the 31st OT-cULy
A.D. 1118.

* * * * m

With the result now obtained, the equivalent previously given for the date No. 10 cannot,
of course, be the proper equivalent of that date. A comparison of the dates No. 10 and N o. 5*7,
which are both from the same inscription, at once suggests to us that No. 10 is only three days
later than No. 57. Both dates are of the first fortnight of the month of Mithuna of the 5tli y ear
of the king’s reign; the week-day of No. 57 is Thursday, and that of No. 10 Sunday; and idhe
nakshatra of No. 57 is Magbh (10), while that of No. 10 is Basha (18). If then the equivalent
of No. 57 is Thursday, the 31st May A.D. 1123, the equivalent of No. 10 can only be " Stun. day
the 3rd Jnne A.D. 1123. This day was the 9th day of the month of Mithuna, and on it tkie
nakshatra was .Hasta, by the Brakma-aiddhanta for 22 h. 59 m., and by the equal space system
and according to Garga from 1 h, 58 m., after mean sunrise ; but the tithi which ended on tlie
same day, 10 h, 12 m. after mean sunrise, was the 8th, not the 7th tithi, of the bright 3a.aif

1 No. 276 of the Government Epigraphist’a collection for 1901.

> It is impossible to say a priori whether the non of Kuifittuign I. U meant.

No. !•]

BITES OF CHOLA KINGS.

Considering the complete agreement of the six dates previously treated of, I ; :ivc ;.o i >
whatever that Sunday, the 3rd June A.D. 1123, is really the day intended rv sh.- « lt.j
No. 10, and that the •writer of this date, ia recording the tit At, lias eiTonw.-idy vr.
eaptamiyurrit instead of ashfamiyum.

Since the date No. 10 is stated to have been the 340th day of the 5th year , f the kr . ,
reign, the first day of that year would now have been the 29th June A.D. 1122, t.rl the
accession of Vikrama'Ohdla must have taken, place on (approximately) the 20th June
A.D. 1118.1

* * * • #

The result now arrived at receives an unexpected confirmation from a reconsideration of t: e
date No. 43 (above, Vol. VI. p. 281). This date is of the seventeenth, year I given in words • of
the king’s reign, and of the Saka year 1054 (given in figures only), and gives us h r calculation
Thursday, the third tithi of the bright half of Yai^fikha. When previously examining if, 1
found that for Saka-Samvat 1054 current it would correspond to Thursday, the 2nd Ap : t
A.D. 1131 ; and as I found it to be incorrect for what I then had to consider the l?th year of tin-
king’s reign, I felt no hesitation in accepting Thursday, the 2nd April A.D. 1131, as the tr.:e
equivalent of the date, and in assuming that the regnal year had been quoted erroneously.

But now, with the 29th June A.D, 1118 as the date of the king's accession, a date in the
month Yai^fikha of his seventeenth year will be expected to fall in A.D. 1135, and for thia year
the date regularly corresponds to Thursday, the 18th April A.D. 1186, when the third tithi of
the bright half of VaiSfikha ended 9 h. 80 m. after mean sunrise. I now therefore assume that
the data is really of the 17th year of Vikrama-Ch6}a’s reign, and that the Saka year 1054 ha,
been erroneously quoted instead of 1057 (expired).

50 .— In the Vaidyonfitha temple at Tirumalav&di. 5

This inscription is dated in the 15th year of the reign of “king Parakesarivarmsn alu *
the emperor of the three worlds, the glorious Tlkrama-CholadSva.” In the introduction
it is stated that he made gifts to the temple at Chidambaram on the following date * -
04 , ... *ppatt&m*Mil [§ 3 i[t]tirai-ttifiga[l] Atta-

25 m petxa Adittavfixattu^tltiru-valar.madiym traj6daSi=ppakkat L lu>

<< in the tenth year, (m) the month of Sittirad, on a Sunday which corresponded to
(tU Zv of) Hosts, <o«) the thirteenth iithi of the fortnight of the ausprerous wax.ng moon.

* ' cf mont h of Sittimi (or Mfeha) of the 10th year of the king's reign, wocld be
Tb l , flu f,r A D 1128, and for that year it would actually correspond to Smuday, tho

a 5, tt. SW ij °< a* —a •* *«“■• “* » ?“ 1 “

X6th April A.x>. xt ' , 'Vftii&.khnA ended 1 h. 25 in. after mean sunrise. Bnt the

am of the bright h (o > system and according to Garga for 17 h-

" . ■L.i mistakes fcha seven. datss Nos, 1Q» 2^3 M » » 42, 67 IMS M

in »o * 2 , th® Wh ye®* would have teen wrongly 5 *

No. 68 would be ^ ^ June A.D. HIS—

; ^ lW 0,1851

J,4f,).

6

EPIGRAPHIA INDICA.

[Vol. VIE

date were Saturday, the date would correspond to Saturday, the 14th April A.D 1128 when the
13th tithi of tie bright half aommeneed 2 h. 33 m., and the nakshatra was Hasta, by' the equal
space system and according to Garga for 17 h. 44 m., and by the Brahma- s-iddhAnta for 14 h.
27 m., after mean sunrise.— The earliest year of Vikrama-Oh&la’s reign, in which the date, as
recorded, is quite correct, would be the 13th, for which the date would correspond to Sunday, the
1 2th April A.D. 113 1, with the nakshatra, Hasta.

D KULOTTUn G A-CECOL A ni.

60.— In the Somanathesvara temple at SSmahgalam. 1

1 , Iribhuvanachchakra vartti gal Maduraiyum= [I ll amun =gond = arulina

iri-Eul6tohga-S61adfevasku ydndn 14avadu Magara-nfiyajju * pu[rjyya-pakshattu

Viyala-kkilamaiyum Pu[£a]mum prathamaiyum=anar=anru.

“ lu the 14th year {of the reign ) of the emperor of the three worlds, the glorious
Kulottuhga-Choladeva who was pleased to take Madurai and llam, — on a day which was
Thursday, (the day of) lushya, and the first titU of the first fortnight of the month of
Makara.”

The wording of this date is intrinsically wrong, because during the month of Makara the moon
can never be anywhere near the nakshatra Pushya on the first tithi of the first fortnight. The
probability is that the first fortnight has been erroneously quoted instead of the second, and for
the second fortnight the date is correct.

A date of the month of Makara of the 14th year of the king’s reign will he expected to fall
in December A.D. 1191 or in January A.D. 1192, and in my opinion this date actually
corresponds to Thursday, the 2nd January A.D. 1192, which was the 8th day of the month of
Makara, and on which the first tithi of the dark half (of the month Pausha) ended 10 h. 12 m.
and the nakshatra was Pushya, by the equal space system and according to Garga for 3 h.
56 m., and by the Brahma-siddhanta for 1 h, 58 m., after mean sunrise.

* • * * * *

Per convenience of reference I give below a list of all the dates of Ch&la kings examined in.
Vols, IV. — VII., with the exception only of the date of the 40th year of iParfintaka I., No. 55
for which, as possible equivalents, I have given above Saturday, the 24th July A.D. 919 and
Saturday, the 25th July A.D. 946, Under the name of each king, I state approximately the* time
when he must have commenced to reign.

A.— R&jar&ja I. K&jakbsarivahman. 9

(Between the 25th June and the 25th July A.D. B85.J*

No. 1 (Vol. IV. p, 66). — Year 7 : the 26th September A.D. 991.

No. 25 (Vol, V. p. 48) .—Year 15: Tuesday, the 29th August A.D. 999.

No. 27 (Vol, V. p. 197).— Year 15 ; Wednesday, the 15th May A.D. 1000. 4
No. 2 (Vol, IV. p. 67).— Saka 929 (current). This date is incorrect.

No. 3 (Vol. IV, p. 68).— Year 28,- Saka 934. The date would correspond to the 28rr : *
December A.D. 1012, but contains no details for verification, C '

> Ho. 18g of the Government EpigrapHst’a collection for 1901.

’ Or Ktsarirarmn. » y 0 i. yj. p . 20 .

luthe original date the week-day is wrongly given, as Thursday, instead erf Wednesday

DATES OF CHOLA KINGS

!■]

B.~ Bajendra-Chola I. Par eke sarivtn-man.

(Between the 20th November A.D. 1011 and the 7th July A.D. 1012.)

No. 32 (Vol. VI. p. 20).— Year 9, Saka 913 (current) : Thuwlay, the 7th .hi.r A U P'AV

No. 4 (Vol. IV. p. 68). — Saka 943 (current) : Wednesday, the l»r Match A I>. 1 '2!

No. 5 (Vol. IV. p. 69}.— Year 31 (for 21), 1 Saka 954: Monday, the 2»rl 0.

A.D. 1032.

No. 33 (Vol. VI. p. 21).— Year 22, Saka 955 : Sunday, the 25th November A 1>, pA)

No, 34 (Vol. VI. p. 21).— Year 26, §aka 959. This date is incorrect.

C.~ K&j&dkiraja Baiakesarivarman.

(Between the 15th March and the 3rd December A.D. 1016.)

No. 15 (Vol. IV. p. 218).— Year [3]2 (for 22) ; Thursday, the 22ml Xomober A.D. 1-

No' 12 (Vol IV. p. 216).— Year 26 : Wednesday, the 14th March A.D. 3*44.

K rt ’ Vi (Vol IV p. 217).— Year 27 : Wednesday, the 13th February A.D. 1045.

N o 14 (Vol! IV. p. 217) .-Year 29 : Wednesday, the 3rd December A.D 104b/

No". 11 (Vol. IV. p. 210) . — Year 30, Saka 970 (current). The tote does not a-rnt A

No. 35 (Voh'vL T' 22), — Year 35, Saka 975 : probably Sunday, the 23/d May A.D. 1< A >. !

D, Bajendradeva Parakesarivarman. 4

(The 28th May A.D. 1052.)

K „(M VI , 24). — The 82nd day of *, Wy, (to 1» *vr~JJ>. **■
No. 38 ( V ol. V 1. p. “) i q7g . uo-nfay, the 27th October A.D. Ui57.

No. 36 (Vol. 1 1. P- 23). Year 6, • 7 dam does not admit id

No. 37 (Vol. VI. p. 23). -Year 12 (for 11 0> bAka

troi’i fi jTjhf.inii.

j;,_Enl6tmte»-CMl. I. BU«U»rt™r»“.

... » — -* “ - r e ;^r

56 ( ™. vii. MW-*;

fo. 39 (Vol. VI- p. Saka lOS) (for 1028 P). The date does not admit

1; ,* nu
E: s ( ( s & i ; ^ ad - ™

. See Vo). VI. P- » , *«,■ is^uougly « uoto f % .Jf the

** "" *

May A.D. **». tl , armw . „ , VT „ ,, n fr0m No. 389 »n 4 No. 888 of 1883 «« *

« Ik No. 87 euroamed E 4 • Hulttsch above, Vol VI. p- J • o» aj)»r.vri**t»lji ll*

» uZ*** * and 6 given by Dt . w „ ffV reig » ite« Z the M* day of

a - c “"~‘ " "

year the 2 «h Match A. ■ ^ of pbilgana.

' X “eoSnai date the month Htg* « V